World Bank: Tehnologia eoliană offshore, oportunități și provocări pentru România
La nivel global, tehnologia pentru energie eoliană offshore (OSW) se conturează ca o sursă promițătoare de energie regenerabilă, capabilă să genereze volume semnificative de energie din proiecte la scară de gigawați (GW). Această tehnologie se prezintă ca o alternativă competitivă la methodologiile convenționale de generare a energiei, în condițiile în care prețurile continuă să scadă. România, cu o capacitate eoliană onshore deja bine dezvoltată de 3 GW, are la dispoziție o resursă eoliană offshore promițătoare. Aceasta ar putea oferi un potențial de producție de energie mult mai mare decât necesitățile actuale ale țării.
Raportul în discuție subliniază oportunitatea virtuală de a construi până la 7 GW de capacitate de platforme eoliene offshore, situate la cel puțin 50 km de coastă, în ape relativ puțin adânci. Proiectele ar putea fi demarate începând cu începutul anilor 2030, având la dispoziție facilitățile portuare bine dotate ale României și lanțul local de aprovizionare, bazat pe produse siderurgice și forță de muncă calificată. Aceasta indică nu doar o posibilitate de auto-suficiență în producția de energie, ci și un potențial semnificativ pentru dezvoltarea economică locală prin crearea de locuri de muncă și atragerea de investiții.
Deși resursele eoliene de la Marea Neagră nu se pot compara cu cele din regiunile maritime nord-europeene, se preconizează că o piață regională este pe cale de a se dezvolta, în paralel cu proiectele din zonele economice exclusive ale statelor vecine, precum Bulgaria, Turcia și Ucraina. Această tendință este văzută ca un stimulent pentru furnizorii români, care ar putea beneficia de oportunități colaterale în comerțul regional și internațional, având în vedere că cererea globală de energie regenerabilă continuă să crească.
Însă, dezvoltarea energiei eoliene offshore nu vine fără provocări, mai ales când vine vorba de impactul asupra mediului. Un aspect crucial este evaluarea efectului asupra ecosistemelor locale, în special în ceea ce privește rutele de migrație a păsărilor care se îndreaptă către sau dinspre zonele umede ale Deltei Dunării. Impactul asupra biodiversității trebuie atent monitorizat și reglementat, pentru a asigura un echilibru între necesitățile de dezvoltare energetică și protecția mediului.
În concluzie, tehnologia eoliană offshore prezintă o oportunitate considerabilă pentru România, dar vine și cu responsabilități. Managementul sustenabil al resurselor eoliene, alături de o atenție sporită pentru impactul ecologic, va fi esențial pentru asigurarea unei tranziții energetice eficiente și durabile. Numai printr-un dialog deschis între dezvoltatori, autorități și comunități, se poate asigura că România va profita de aceste resurse într-un mod care respectă și protejează natura.
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